AYO
PERANGI HIV/AIDS
OLEH : RAHIM, S. Pd
Setiap hari kita selalu
disuguhkan berita oleh media; baik itu
media cetak, elektronik maupun cerita dari mulut ke mulut tentang HIV/AIDS.
Fenomena ini sudah tidak asing lagi di benak kita tentang istilah ini dan
selalu menghantui setiap fikiran orang; baik orang tua ataupun anak-anak
remaja.
APA HIV/AIDS ITU……..?
A. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV)
HIV atau Human Immunodeficiency
Virus merupakan virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh terutama sel-sel T(CD4-T Cells). Sebagai akibatnya, kemampuan
tubuh untuk melawan virus-virus yang mematikan, bakteri, jamur, protozoa, dan
infeksi lainnya sangat lemah.
Pneumocystys carinii Pneumonia (radang paru-paru) adalah penyebab pembawa kematian di
antara manusia dengan sebab infeksi HIV,tetapi kejadian dari jenis-jenis
tertentu dari kanker seperti Cell limpa
B dan kaposi`s Sarcoma, juga
makin meningkatkan komplikasi Neurologi dan kehilangan keseimbangan (wasting)
adalah sifat (ciri) dari HIV/AIDS. Para ahli telah mengidentifikasi dua jenis
Virus ini yaitu : HIV- 1 adalah penyebab utama penyebaran AIDS di dunia. HIV- 2
ditemukan sebagian besar di Afrika Barat.
I. STRUKTUR HIV
Struktur
HIV terdiri dari sebuah Nucleoid Core (asam inti) dan kandungan protein
keduanya dibungkus oleh selaput lemak (Kapsid), Nucleid core berisi materi genetik
viral dan enzym trancriptase reverse yang digunakan dalam replikasi
viral. Trans membrane glycoprotein gp 41 dan selaput glycoprotein gp 120 di
dalam selaput tersebut, protein ini memungkinkan HIV meningkat dan berbaur
dengan sel-sel target (Inang).
HIV
masuk ke dalam golongan retro-virus yang anggota-anggotanya merupakan bagian
dari suatu metode yang unik dari peggantian diri ketika mereka menjangkiti
sel-sel kehidupan. Retrovirus menyimpan informasi genetiknya di dalam
molekul-molekul RNA. Bagaimanapun, tidak seperti virus-virus RNA lainnya,
Retrovirus menggunakan RNA sebagai sebuah pola dalam pembentukan DNA. Meteri
genetik yang menempatkan (Viral) perintah kepada hasil. Proses ini disebut
turunan kebalikan (REPLIKASI DNA), adalah lawan yang tepat dari aliran yang
normal dari informasi genetik dalam kehidupan, yang DNA sediakan sebagai pola
untuk formasi RNA.
Viral
Replication
Outside
of a host cell, a virus is an inert particle. Once inside a cell, a virus can
replicate many times, creating thousands of viruses that leave the cell to find
host cells of their own. Viruses that cause disease do so by destroying or
damaging cells as they leave them.
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Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft ® Encarta ®
2009.
© 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved
HIV
terdiri dari sebuah selaput luar yang fleksibel yang disebut amlop (SELAPUT)
yang dikelilingi oleh kotak protein yang kenal sebagai Capsid. Selaput
ini dipadati oleh glycoprotein, dan Chemical Receptor yang
memungkinkan virus-virus mengunci atau memanfaatkan sel target atau inang. Di
bagian dalam capsid tinggal dua molekul RNA yang serupa. Molekul RNA ini
membangkitkan program-program genetik dan menyimpan semua intruksi-intruksi
yang diperlukan untuk menggantikan HIV satu kali, yang telah menjangkiti
sel-sel tuan rumah ( SEL INANG). HIV juga berisi molekul-molekul dari sebuah
enzim yang disebut Reverse-transcriptase. Ketika HIV telah menjangkiti
sebuah sel, Reverse transcriptase menyimpan instruksi genetik RNA Virus dan
menggunakan instruksi-instruksi itu untuk membangun molekul-molekul yang
melengkapi DNA.
II. BAGAIMANA HIV MENYEBABKAN
INFEKSI
Pemindahan HIV terjadi ketika
seseorang di ekspos dengan cairan-cairan yang dijangkiti oleh virus-virus,
seperti darah, cairan sperma, cairan vagina, dan air susu ibu.
Secara umum HIV dapat menginfeksi dan mejangkiti seseorang dapat melalui
:
1. Free sex (sek bebas dengan seseorang
yang telah terjangkiti HIV)
2. Pengguna narkoba dengan IDU
(Injection Disease Userd/jarum suntik), secara berganti-gantian dengan orang
yang telah terjangkit HIV
3. Transfusi darah, dimana darah telah
terjangkit HIV
4. Ibu yang terjangkit HIV, hamil dan
menyusui anaknya
Ketika HIV masuk ke dalam tubuh, dia akan menjangkiti sistem Lympa
(Lympocyt), yang merupakan jenis dari sel darah putih dalam sistem kekebalan.
HIV akan menggunakan Glycoproteinnya untuk menyelamatkan dirinya pada receptor
di permukaan lympocyt. Bagian luar dari amplop (selaput) HIV kemudian melebur
dengan lympocyt, memungkinkan bagi Capsid HIV untuk masuk ke dalam lympocyt
tersebut. Selanjutnya HIV akan menggunakan materi genetik lympocyt untuk
membentuk bagian-bagian tubuh virus dan membentuk virus yang baru yang
jumlahnya jauh lebih banyak. Setelah itu virus akan meninggalkan sel inang
(Lympocyt) dan mencari serta meninfeksi sel inang yang baru.
Berikut ini model atau
contoh Virus yang menyerang atau menginfeksi bakteri yang disebut dengan BACTERIOFAGE.
Periode perkembangan seseorang
terinfeksi HIV sampai terjangkit AIDS memakan waktu yang cukup lama 10 hingga
15 tahun. Itupun harus dilakukan uji klinis atau pemeriksaan yang cukup akurat
apakah seseorang positif menderita HIV atau tidak.
B.
ACQUIRED
IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) merupakan sekumpulan
atau gejalah dan infeksi (atau : sindrom) yang timbul karena rusaknya sistem
kekebalan tubuh manusia akibat infeksi virus HIV atau infeksi Virus-virus lain
yang mirip yang menyerang spesis lainnya (SIV< FIV, dan lain-lain).
HIV dan Virus-virus sejenisnya umumnya ditularkan melalui
kontak langsung antara kulit dalam (membran mokosa) atau aliran darah, dengan
cairan tubuh yang mengandung HIV,seperti darah, cairan mani, cairan vagina,
cairan preseminal, dan air susu ibu.Penularan dapat terjadi melalui hubungan
intim (vagina, anal, ataupun oral), transfusi darah, jarum suntik yang
terkotaminasi, antara ibu dan bayi selama masa kehamilan, bersalin, dan
menyusui, serta bentuk kontak lain dengan cairan-cairan tubuh tersebut.
I. PREVALENCE ATAU PENYEBARAN
AIDS
AIDS
adalah salah satu wabah mematikan dalam sejarah manusia. AIDS pertama sekali di
kenal pada tahun 1981 di tengah-tengah pria Homoseksual dan para pengguna
obat-obatan Intra-Venosus di New York dan California. Segera setelah
penemuannya di Amerika serikat, bukti dari wabah AIDS berkembang di
tengah-tengah pria homoseksual, wanita dan anak-anak di Bagian Gurun Afrika.
AIDS dengan cepatnya berkembang menjadi wabah dunia, mempengaruhi kematian
setiap bangsa.
UNAIDS (UNITED NATION ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SYNDROM) bekerja
sama dengan WHO (tahun: 2006) memperkirakan bahwa AIDS telah menyebabkan kematian lebih dari
25 juta orang sejak pertama sekali di akui pada tanggal 5 Juni 1981. AIDS di klaim telah menyebabkan kematian
2,4 hingga 3,3 juta jiwa pada tahun 2005, dan lebih dari 57.000 jiwa diantanya
adalah anak-anak. Sepertiga dari
kematian ini terjadi di Afrika sub-Sahara, sehingga memperlambat
pertumbuhan ekonomi dan menghancurkan sumber daya manusia di sana. Pengobatan Antiretrovirus sesungguhnya
dapat mengurangi tingkat kematian dan parahnya infeksi HIV, namun akses
terhadap pengobatan tersebut tidak tersedia di semua negara.
Berikut
ini Statistik Kasus AIDS dan HIV di
Amerika Serikat dan Negara – negara lain :
Regional
Distribution of People with HIV Infection
Sub-Saharan
Africa
|
People Living with
HIV/AIDS 2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
Sub-Saharan Africa*
|
24,500,000
|
22,400,000
|
6.1
|
13,200,000
|
2,000,000
|
2,000,000
|
|
Angola
|
320,000
|
280,000
|
3.7
|
170,000
|
35,000
|
30,000
|
|
Benin
|
87,000
|
77,000
|
1.8
|
45,000
|
9,800
|
9,600
|
|
Botswana
|
270,000
|
260,000
|
24.1
|
140,000
|
14,000
|
18,000
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
150,000
|
140,000
|
2.0
|
80,000
|
17,000
|
12,000
|
|
Burundi
|
150,000
|
130,000
|
3.3
|
79,000
|
20,000
|
13,000
|
|
Cameroon
|
510,000
|
470,000
|
5.4
|
290,000
|
43,000
|
46,000
|
|
Central African Republic
|
250,000
|
230,000
|
10.7
|
130,000
|
24,000
|
24,000
|
|
Chad
|
180,000
|
160,000
|
3.5
|
90,000
|
16,000
|
11,000
|
|
Comoros
|
<500
|
<1,000
|
<0.1
|
<100
|
<100
|
<100
|
|
Congo
|
120,000
|
100,000
|
5.3
|
61,000
|
15,000
|
11,000
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
750,000
|
680,000
|
7.1
|
400,000
|
74,000
|
65,000
|
|
Democratic Republic of Congo
|
1,000,000
|
890,000
|
3.2
|
520,000
|
120,000
|
90,000
|
|
Djibouti
|
15,000
|
14,000
|
3.1
|
8,400
|
1,200
|
1,200
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
8,900
|
8,000
|
3.2
|
4,700
|
<1,000
|
<1,000
|
|
Eritrea
|
59,000
|
53,000
|
2.4
|
31,000
|
6,600
|
5,600
|
|
Ethiopia
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Gabon
|
60,000
|
56,000
|
7.9
|
33,000
|
3,900
|
4,700
|
|
The Gambia
|
20,000
|
19,000
|
2.4
|
11,000
|
1,200
|
1,300
|
|
Ghana
|
320,000
|
300,000
|
2.3
|
180,000
|
25,000
|
29,000
|
|
Guinea
|
85,000
|
78,000
|
1.5
|
53,000
|
7,000
|
7,100
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
32,000
|
29,000
|
3.8
|
17,000
|
3,200
|
2,700
|
|
Kenya
|
1,300,000
|
1,200,000
|
6.1
|
740,000
|
150,000
|
140,000
|
|
Lesotho
|
270,000
|
250,000
|
23.2
|
150,000
|
18,000
|
23,000
|
|
Liberia
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Madagascar
|
49,000
|
47,000
|
0.5
|
13,000
|
1,600
|
2,900
|
|
Malawi
|
940,000
|
850,000
|
14.1
|
500,000
|
91,000
|
78,000
|
|
Mali
|
130,000
|
110,000
|
1.7
|
66,000
|
16,000
|
11,000
|
|
Mauritania
|
12,000
|
11,000
|
0.7
|
6,300
|
1,100
|
<1,000
|
|
Mauritius
|
4,100
|
4,100
|
0.6
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Mozambique
|
1,800,000
|
1,600,000
|
16.1
|
960,000
|
140,000
|
140,000
|
|
Namibia
|
230,000
|
210,000
|
19.6
|
130,000
|
17,000
|
17,000
|
|
Niger
|
79,000
|
71,000
|
1.1
|
42,000
|
8,900
|
7,600
|
|
Nigeria
|
2,900,000
|
2,600,000
|
3.9
|
1,600,000
|
240,000
|
220,000
|
|
Rwanda
|
190,000
|
160,000
|
3.1
|
91,000
|
27,000
|
21,000
|
|
Senegal
|
61,000
|
56,000
|
0.9
|
33,000
|
5,000
|
5,200
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
48,000
|
43,000
|
1.6
|
26,000
|
5,200
|
4,600
|
|
Somalia
|
44,000
|
40,000
|
0.9
|
23,000
|
4,500
|
4,100
|
|
South Africa
|
5,500,000
|
5,300,000
|
18.8
|
3,100,000
|
240,000
|
320,000
|
|
Swaziland
|
220,000
|
210,000
|
33.4
|
120,000
|
15,000
|
16,000
|
|
Tanzania
|
1,400,000
|
1,300,000
|
6.5
|
710,000
|
110,000
|
140,000
|
|
Togo
|
110,000
|
100,000
|
3.2
|
61,000
|
9,700
|
9,100
|
|
Uganda
|
1,000,000
|
900,000
|
6.7
|
520,000
|
110,000
|
91,000
|
|
Zambia
|
1,100,000
|
1,000,000
|
17.0
|
570,000
|
130,000
|
98,000
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
1,700,000
|
1,500,000
|
20.1
|
890,000
|
160,000
|
180,000
|
|
N/A = not available.
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15+ years. 2. Age 0 to 14 years. 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. |
||||||
|
Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
|
||||||
East
Asia
|
People Living with HIV/AIDS
2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
East Asia *
|
680,000
|
680,000
|
0.1
|
190,000
|
6,400
|
33,000
|
|
China
|
650,000
|
650,000
|
0.1
|
180,000
|
N/A
|
31,000
|
|
Japan
|
17,000
|
17,000
|
<0.1
|
9,900
|
N/A
|
1,400
|
|
Mongolia
|
<500
|
<500
|
<0.1
|
<100
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
North Korea
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
South Korea
|
13,000
|
13,000
|
<0.1
|
7,400
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
N/A = not available
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15+ years 2. Age 0 to 14 years 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. |
||||||
|
Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
|
||||||
Oceania
|
People Living with
HIV/AIDS 2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
Oceania *
|
78,000
|
75,000
|
'0.3
|
35,000
|
3,000
|
3,400
|
|
Australia
|
16,000
|
16,000
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Fiji
|
<1,000
|
<1,000
|
0.1
|
<500
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
New Zealand
|
1,400
|
1,400
|
0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
60,000
|
57,000
|
1.8
|
34,000
|
N/A
|
3,300
|
|
N/A = not available.
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15+ years. 2. Age 0 to 14 years. 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. |
||||||
|
Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
|
||||||
South
and Southeast Asia
|
People Living with
HIV/AIDS 2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
South and Southeast Asia*
|
7,600,000
|
7,400,000
|
0.6
|
2,200,000
|
170,000
|
560,000
|
|
Afghanistan
|
<1,000
|
<1,000
|
<0.1
|
<100
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Bangladesh
|
11,000
|
11,000
|
<0.1
|
1,400
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Bhutan
|
<500
|
<500
|
<0.1
|
<100
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Brunei
|
<100
|
<100
|
<0.1
|
<100
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Cambodia
|
130,000
|
130,000
|
1.6
|
59,000
|
N/A
|
16,000
|
|
India
|
5,700,000
|
5,600,000
|
0.9
|
1,600,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Indonesia
|
170,000
|
170,000
|
0.1
|
29,000
|
N/A
|
5,500
|
|
Iran
|
66,000
|
66,000
|
0.2
|
11,000
|
N/A
|
1,600
|
|
Laos
|
3,700
|
3,600
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Malaysia
|
69,000
|
67,000
|
0.5
|
17,000
|
N/A
|
4,000
|
|
Maldives
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Myanmar
|
360,000
|
350,000
|
1.3
|
110,000
|
N/A
|
37,000
|
|
Nepal
|
75,000
|
74,000
|
0.5
|
16,000
|
N/A
|
5,100
|
|
Pakistan
|
85,000
|
84,000
|
0.1
|
14,000
|
N/A
|
3,000
|
|
Philippines
|
12,000
|
12,000
|
<0.1
|
3,400
|
N/A
|
<1,000
|
|
Singapore
|
5,500
|
5,500
|
0.3
|
1,500
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
<0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Thailand
|
580,000
|
560,000
|
1.4
|
220,000
|
16,000
|
21,000
|
|
Timor-Leste (East Timor)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Vietnam
|
260,000
|
250,000
|
0.5
|
84,000
|
N/A
|
13,000
|
|
N/A = not available.
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15+ years. 2. Age 0 to 14 years. 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. |
||||||
|
Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
|
||||||
Eastern
Europe and Central Asia
|
People Living with
HIV/AIDS 2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
Eastern Europe and Central Asia*
|
1,500,000
|
1,500,000
|
0.8
|
420,000
|
6,900
|
53,000
|
|
Armenia
|
2,900
|
2,900
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
5,400
|
5,400
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Belarus
|
20,000
|
20,000
|
0.3
|
5,100
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
<500
|
N/A
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Bulgaria
|
<500
|
N/A
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Croatia
|
<500
|
N/A
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Estonia
|
10,000
|
10,000
|
1.3
|
2,400
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Georgia
|
5,600
|
5,600
|
0.2
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
12,000
|
12,000
|
0.1
|
6,800
|
N/A
|
<1,000
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
4,000
|
4,000
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Latvia
|
10,000
|
10,000
|
0.8
|
2,200
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Lithuania
|
3,300
|
3,300
|
0.2
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Republic of Moldova
|
29,000
|
28,000
|
1.1
|
16,000
|
N/A
|
1,400
|
|
Romania
|
7,000
|
N/A
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Russia
|
940,000
|
940,000
|
1.1
|
210,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Tajikistan
|
4,900
|
4,900
|
0.1
|
<500
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
<500
|
<500
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Ukraine
|
410,000
|
410,000
|
1.4
|
200,000
|
N/A
|
22,000
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
31,000
|
31,000
|
0.2
|
4,100
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
N/A = not available.
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15+ years. 2. Age 0 to 14 years. 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. |
||||||
|
Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
|
||||||
Western
and Central Europe
|
People Living with
HIV/AIDS 2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
Western and Central Europe*
|
720,000
|
710,000
|
0.3
|
200,000
|
4,000
|
12,000
|
|
Albania
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Austria
|
12,000
|
12,000
|
0.3
|
2,300
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Belgium
|
14,000
|
14,000
|
0.3
|
5,400
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Czech Republic
|
1,500
|
1,500
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Denmark
|
5,600
|
5,500
|
0.2
|
1,300
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Finland
|
1,900
|
1,900
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
France
|
130,000
|
130,000
|
0.4
|
45,000
|
N/A
|
1,500
|
|
Germany
|
49,000
|
49,000
|
0.1
|
15,000
|
N/A
|
<1,000
|
|
Greece
|
9,300
|
9,300
|
0.2
|
2,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Hungary
|
3,200
|
3,200
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Iceland
|
<500
|
<500
|
0.2
|
<100
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Ireland
|
5,000
|
5,000
|
0.2
|
1,800
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Italy
|
150,000
|
150,000
|
0.5
|
50,000
|
N/A
|
3,000
|
|
Luxembourg
|
<1,000
|
<1,000
|
0.2
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
<500
|
<500
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Malta
|
<500
|
<500
|
0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
The Netherlands
|
18,000
|
17,000
|
0.2
|
5,900
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Norway
|
2,500
|
2,500
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Poland
|
25,000
|
25,000
|
0.1
|
7,500
|
N/A
|
<1,000
|
|
Portugal
|
32,000
|
32,000
|
0.4
|
1,300
|
N/A
|
<1,000
|
|
Serbia and Montenegro5
|
10,000
|
10,000
|
0.2
|
2,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Slovakia
|
<500
|
<500
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Slovenia
|
<500
|
<500
|
<0.1
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Spain
|
140,000
|
140,000
|
0.6
|
32,000
|
N/A
|
2,000
|
|
Sweden
|
8,000
|
8,000
|
0.2
|
2,500
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Switzerland
|
17,000
|
16,000
|
0.4
|
5,900
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
United Kingdom
|
68,000
|
67,000
|
0.2
|
21,000
|
N/A
|
<1,000
|
|
N/A = not available.
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15 to 49 years. 2. Age 0 to 14 years. 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. 5. Data dates to before Montenegro became independent in 2006. |
||||||
|
Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
|
||||||
North
Africa and Middle East
|
People Living with
HIV/AIDS 2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
North Africa and Middle East*
|
440,000
|
400,000
|
0.2
|
190,000
|
31,000
|
37,000
|
|
Algeria
|
19,000
|
19,000
|
0.1
|
4,100
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Bahrain
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Cyprus
|
<500
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Egypt
|
5,300
|
5,200
|
<0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<500
|
|
Iraq
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Israel
|
4,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Jordan
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Kuwait
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Lebanon
|
2,900
|
2,900
|
0.1
|
<1,000
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Libya
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Morocco
|
19,000
|
19,000
|
0.1
|
4,000
|
N/A
|
1,300
|
|
Oman
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Qatar
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Sudan
|
350,000
|
320,000
|
1.6
|
180,000
|
30,000
|
34,000
|
|
Syria
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Tunisia
|
8,700
|
8,600
|
0.1
|
1,900
|
N/A
|
<100
|
|
Turkey
|
<2,000
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Yemen
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
N/A = not available.
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15+ years. 2. Age 0 to 14 years. 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. |
||||||
|
Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
|
||||||
North
America
|
People Living with
HIV/AIDS 2006
|
||||||
|
Region/Country
|
Adults1
and Children2
|
Adults3
|
Adult
Prevalence Rate (%)4
|
Adult
Women1
|
Children3
|
AIDS
Deaths (Adults and Children)
|
|
Global total
|
38,600,000
|
36,300,000
|
1.0
|
17,300,000
|
2,300,000
|
2,800,000
|
|
North America *
|
1,300,000
|
1,200,000
|
0.8
|
310,000
|
11,000
|
18,000
|
|
Canada
|
60,000
|
59,000
|
0.3
|
9,600
|
N/A
|
<1,000
|
|
United States
|
1,200,000
|
1,200,000
|
0.6
|
300,000
|
N/A
|
16,000
|
|
N/A = not available.
* Country totals may not always add up to regional total figure because of rounding. 1. Age 15+ years. 2. Age 0 to 14 years. 3. Numbers in Adults column and Children column do not always add up to number in Adults and Children column due to differences in survey methodologies. 4. Age 15 to 49 years. |
||||||
